Vnukovo International Airport VKO / UUWW

Moscow's second-busiest airport by traffic, behind only Sheremetyevo — Domodedovo's steep post-2022 decline (13.8M passengers in 2025, down from a 30.6M peak in 2017) dropped it to fourth nationally, behind Sheremetyevo, Pulkovo and Vnukovo. Vnukovo itself is a low-cost/charter-leaning gateway, serving as home base for Pobeda, UTair and charter carrier iFly, with Rossiya also operating some regional flights. flydubai continues active scheduled service here and remains among the few Western-aligned carriers still flying to Russia, alongside a growing roster of Turkish operators. Runway 06/24 (3,500 m, concrete) is certified ILS CAT IIIA; the shorter 01/19 (3,060 m, asphalt) carries ILS CAT II. Since Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, most Western airlines have suspended service under sanctions, and Vnukovo, like Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo, has periodically suspended flight operations for hours at a time during Ukrainian drone incursions into Russian airspace — travelers should expect the possibility of short-notice ground stops. Domodedovo itself was seized by the Russian state from its foreign-linked owners in June 2025 and sold to Perspektiva, a Sheremetyevo subsidiary, in January 2026, leaving Vnukovo as the only one of Moscow's three major commercial airports still outside Aeroflot/Sheremetyevo-group control. Confirmed full-year traffic for 2024 (the latest year with an official Rosaviatsia-sourced total) was approximately 16.0-16.1 million passengers, up roughly 11% on 2023's 14.5 million; an independently verifiable official 2025 annual total was not available and should be sourced from Rosaviatsia before publish.